diff --git a/backend/src/utils/response.js b/backend/src/utils/response.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb6874f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/src/utils/response.js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// 统一响应格式
+class ApiResponse {
+  static success(data, message = 'success') {
+    return {
+      success: true,
+      message,
+      data,
+      timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
+    };
+  }
+
+  static error(message = 'error', code = 500) {
+    return {
+      success: false,
+      message,
+      code,
+      timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
+    };
+  }
+
+  static paginate(data, page, pageSize, total) {
+    return {
+      success: true,
+      data,
+      pagination: {
+        page,
+        pageSize,
+        total,
+        totalPages: Math.ceil(total / pageSize)
+      },
+      timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = ApiResponse;